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Table 1. USB evolution

Type

USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen

1Port

USB 2.0

USB 3.1 Gen 2

USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen 1 (SuperSpeed USB)

For years, the USB 2.0 has been firmly entrenched as the de facto interface standard in the PC world with about 6 billion devices sold, and

yet the need for more speed grows by ever faster computing hardware and ever greater bandwidth demands. The USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen 1

finally has the answer to the consumers' demands with a theoretically 10 times faster than its predecessor. In a nutshell, USB 3.1 Gen 1

features are as follows:

•

Higher transfer rates (up to 5 Gbps)

•

Increased maximum bus power and increased device current draw to better accommodate power-hungry devices

•

New power management features

•

Full-duplex data transfers and support for new transfer types

•

Backward USB 2.0 compatibility

•

New connectors and cable

The topics below cover some of the most commonly asked questions regarding USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen 1.

Speed

Currently, there are 3 speed modes defined by the latest USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen 1 specification. They are Super-Speed, Hi-Speed and Full-

Speed. The new SuperSpeed mode has a transfer rate of 4.8Gbps. While the specification retains Hi-Speed, and Full-Speed USB mode,

commonly known as USB 2.0 and 1.1 respectively, the slower modes still operate at 480Mbps and 12Mbps respectively and are kept to

maintain backward compatibility.

USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen 1 achieves the much higher performance by the technical changes below:

•

An additional physical bus that is added in parallel with the existing USB 2.0 bus (refer to the picture below).

•

USB 2.0 previously had four wires (power, ground, and a pair for differential data); USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen 1 adds four more for two pairs

of differential signals (receive and transmit) for a combined total of eight connections in the connectors and cabling.

•

USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen 1 utilizes the bidirectional data interface, rather than USB 2.0's half-duplex arrangement. This gives a 10-fold

increase in theoretical bandwidth.

Data Transfer Rate

5 Gbps

480 Mbps

10 Gbps