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How to best keep it in tune. Any action that minimizes temperature variation

will help. Don't keep your instrument near a wood stove, heating duct, or large win-

dow. Put it in a well-insulated case when moving from one environment to another,

and give it time to adjust slowly to the new temperature before removing it from

the case. Avoid or minimize playing in the hot sun. Basically, keep in mind that

temperature change, and the rate of change, will have an eﬀ ect.

Do not, however, feel that you have to keep your dulcimer in its case when

not in use. We believe that the more accessible your dulcimer is, the more you will

play. We suggest you get a playing stand so your dulcimer will be out in your home

where you can enjoy it.

Dealing with a new or very out-of-tune instrument.

strings on a dulcimer exert a tremendous amount of tension. If an instrument is

new or far out of tune, the additional tension needed to bring it up to pitch will

cause a slight compression of the whole instrument.

that by the time you tune all the strings, the ones you started with will be ﬂ at again.

In this situation you may have to tune the entire instrument two or three times. To

save time, do an approximate job the ﬁ rst time or two, and save ﬁ ne-tuning for the

last time around.

is is seldom necessary with seasoned instruments that have been

kept in tune.

When a string is struck it vibrates, creating waves in the air, much like ocean

waves.

ese waves strike your ear and are translated into what you hear as the

tone.

e pitch of that tone depends on the frequency with which the sound waves

reach your ear (i.e., how many waves per second). Each note has a certain frequency

which is measurable and recognized. It is generally accepted that the A above

Middle C has a frequency of 440 waves or cycles per second. All other notes are

based relative to this frequency. "Concert" or "absolute" pitch is based on this A440

standard. Remember, though, that an instrument will still sound "in tune" when all

of its notes are pitched in the correct relationships to one another, even though the

entire range may be sharp or ﬂ at relative to concert pitch.

Tuning standards. A tuning standard is whatever you use to match your pitch.

It can be an outside source or simply another string on your instrument. Perhaps

the most basic standard is the tuning fork, a metal device that vibrates at a certain

pitch when struck. Touching your soundboard with the non-forked end of a vibrat-

ing tuning fork will amplify the fork's sound considerably.

Chromatic pitch pipes are inexpensive tuning devices that look like round

harmonicas and have all the notes — including accidentals (sharps and ﬂ ats) — for

one complete octave.

"C-to-C" model. If you can, get one with a note selector, a device that enables you

to blow a single note while holding the pipe with your lips, thus freeing both hands

for tuning.

Tuning to another instrument is another option. In fact, matching pitches

on your hammered dulcimer with another stringed instrument, such as a piano, is

sometimes easier than using a tuning fork or pitch pipe.

Pitch

Tuning by Ear

ey come in diﬀ erent ranges, the most useful being the

e large number of

is may be signiﬁ cant enough