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Blasting Areas
To avoid interfering with blasting operations, turn your phone OFF when in a "blasting area" or in areas posted: "Turn off
two-way radio". Obey all signs and instructions.
Potentially Explosive Atmosphere
Turn your phone OFF when in any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere and obey all signs and instructions. Sparks
in such areas could cause an explosion or fire resulting in bodily injury or even death. Areas with a potentially explosive
atmosphere are often, but not always marked clearly. Potential areas may include: fueling areas (such as gasoline stations);
below deck on boats; fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities; vehicles using liquefied petroleum gas (such as propane
or butane); areas where the air contains chemicals or particles (such as grain, dust, or metal powders); and any other area
where you would normally be advised to turn off your vehicle engine.
For Vehicles Equipped with an Air Bag
An air bag inflates with great force. DO NOT place objects, including either installed or portable wireless equipment, in the
area over the air bag or in the air bag deployment area. If in-vehicle wireless equipment is improperly installed and the air
bag inflates, serious injury could result.
FDA Consumer Update
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Devices and Radiological Health Consumer Update on
Mobile Phones:
1. Do wireless phones pose a health hazard?
The available scientific evidence does not show that any health problems are associated with using wireless phones. There
is no proof, however, that wireless phones are absolutely safe. Wireless phones emit low levels of Radio Frequency (RF)
energy in the microwave range while being used. They also emit very low levels of RF when in idle mode. Whereas high
levels of RF can produce health effects (by heating tissue), exposure to low level RF that does not produce heating effects
causes no known adverse health effects. Many studies of low level RF exposures have not found any biological effects. Some
studies have suggested that some biological effects may occur, but such findings have not been confirmed by additional
research. In some cases, other researchers have had difficulty in reproducing those studies, or in determining the reasons
for inconsistent results.
2. What is the FDA's role concerning the safety of wireless phones? Under the law, the FDA does not review the safety of
radiation-emitting consumer products such as wireless phones before they can be sold, as it does with new drugs or medical
devices. However, the agency has authority to take action if wireless phones are shown to emit Radio Frequency (RF) energy
at a level that is hazardous to the user. In such a case, the FDA could require the manufacturers of wireless phones to notify
users of the health hazard and to repair, replace, or recall the phones so that the hazard no longer exists.
Although the existing scientific data does not justify FDA regulatory actions, the FDA has urged the wireless phone industry
to take a number of steps, including the following:
• Support needed research into possible biological effects of RF of the type emitted by wireless phones;
• Design wireless phones in a way that minimizes any RF exposure to the user that is not necessary for device function; and
• Cooperate in providing users of wireless phones with the best possible information on possible effects of wireless phone
use on human health.
The FDA belongs to an interagency working group of the federal agencies that have responsibility for different aspects of RF
safety to ensure coordinated efforts at the federal level. The following agencies belong to this working group:
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• National Telecommunications and Information Administration
The National Institutes of Health participates in some interagency working group activities, as well.
The FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wireless phones with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). All
phones that are sold in the United States must comply with FCC safety guidelines that limit RF exposure.
The FCC relies on the FDA and other health agencies for safety questions about wireless phones. The FCC also regulates
the base stations that the wireless phone networks rely upon. While these base stations operate at higher power than do
the wireless phones themselves, the RF exposures that people get from these base stations are typically thousands of
times lower than those they can get from wireless phones. Base stations are thus not the subject of the safety questions
discussed in this document.
3. What kinds of phones are the subject of this update?
The term "wireless phone" refers here to handheld wireless phones with built-in antennas, often called "cell", "mobile", or
"PCS" phones. These types of wireless phones can expose the user to measurable Radio Frequency (RF) energy because
of the short distance between the phone and the user's head. These RF exposures are limited by FCC safety guidelines that
were developed with the advice of the FDA and other federal health and safety agencies. When the phone is located at greater
distances from the user, the exposure to RF is drastically lower because a person's RF exposure decreases rapidly with
increasing distance from the source. The so-called "cordless phones," which have a base unit connected to the telephone
wiring in a house, typically operate at far lower power levels, and thus produce RF exposures far below the FCC safety limits.
4. What are the results of the research done already?
The research done thus far has produced conflicting results, and many studies have suffered from flaws in their research
methods. Animal experiments investigating the effects of Radio Frequency (RF) energy exposures characteristic of wireless
phones have yielded conflicting results that often cannot be repeated in other laboratories. A few animal studies, however,
have suggested that low levels of RF could accelerate the development of cancer in laboratory animals. However, many of the
studies that showed increased tumor development used animals that had been genetically engineered or treated with cancer-
causing chemicals so as to be pre-disposed to develop cancer in the absence of RF exposure. Other studies exposed the
animals to RF for up to 22 hours per day. These conditions are not similar to the conditions under which people use wireless
phones, so we do not know with certainty what the results of such studies mean for human health. Three large epidemiology
studies have been published since December 2000. Between them, the studies investigated any possible association between
the use of wireless phones and primary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma, tumors of the brain or
salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers. None of the studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful health effects
from wireless phone RF exposures. However, none of the studies can answer questions about long-term exposures, since
the average period of phone use in these studies was around three years.
5. What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from wireless phones poses a health risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studies of people actually using wireless phones would provide
some of the data that are needed. Lifetime animal exposure studies could be completed in a few years. However, 166 very
large numbers of animals would be needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological
studies can provide data that is directly applicable to human populations, but ten or more years followup may be needed
to provide answers about some health effects, such as cancer. This is because the interval between the time of exposure
to a cancercausing agent and the time tumors develop — if they do — may be many, many years. The interpretation of
epidemiological studies is hampered by difficulties in measuring actual RF exposure during day-to-day use of wireless
phones. Many factors affect this measurement, such as the angle at which the phone is held, or which model of phone is used.
6. What is the FDA doing to find out more about the possible health effects of wireless phone RF?
The FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program and with groups of investigators around the world to ensure
that high priority animal studies are conducted to address important questions about the effects of exposure to Radio
Frequency (RF) energy.
The FDA has been a leading participant in the World Health Organization International Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) Project
since its inception in 1996. An influential result of this work has been the development of a detailed agenda of research needs