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Seite drucken3.8 Commissioning Charge
The initial charge is very important for the future battery operation and the battery's service life. It is performed as a "Commissioning
Charge" as listed in paragraph 4.2.1. Keep records in the battery's logbook. Discover Commissioning Logs are online available at
discoverbattery.com/en/resources/
4. Operations
STAND ALONE SYSTEMS
In "Stand-alone" systems, the renewable source (e.g. PV array) is the only charging source available for the battery. In some
systems, an external source - like a diesel generator - can be used but this is not within the basic design principle of a stand- alone
system. (e.g. the source is engaged only intermittently and manually by the user in order to serve excessive loads or to maintain the
batteries). Two types of charger controllers can be used:
On-Off PV controllers:
• The controller interrupts the charging current from the PV array (off state) when the battery voltage reaches the high
regulation point and re-connects when the voltage drops to the low regulation point.
Constant Voltage type:
Once the battery voltage reaches the regulation point, the controller limits the charging current to keep the voltage constant
at this level as long as there is enough power available from the renewable source. Two sub types may be defined here:
•
One voltage step controllers: There is only one voltage regulation point.
•
Two voltage steps controllers: There are two voltage regulation points. Initially the controller maintains an elevated
voltage to recharge the battery fast (absorption stage) then, after a certain time or other criteria, it steps back to a
lower voltage to prevent unnecessary overcharging (floating stage).
HYBRID SYSTEMS
In "Hybrid" systems, the renewable source size is most often smaller than the application load. There is always an independent
source available - diesel or grid – to recharge the battery in every cycle. The same independent source can also be engaged, either
automatically at regular intervals or manually when required to maintain the battery with balance charges. Only Constant Voltage
controllers (usually with two voltage steps) shall be used.
4.1 Discharging
No restriction on the discharge current up to the maximum allowable is required as long as the connections are properly sized and
the battery temperature stays within the allowable limits. The Maximum Daily Depth of Discharge per cycle (MDDoD) is:
• Stand-alone: 30% of the batteries C10 nominal capacity rating
• Hybrid systems: 50% of the batteries C10 nominal capacity rating
Standard RE warranty is reduced on system designs that exceed the MDDoD. The Maximum allowable Depth of Discharge (MDoD)
is 80% of the batteries temperature compensated C10 nominal capacity at any given discharge rate.
OVER-DISCHARGE PROTECTION
Maximum Depth of Discharge (MDoD) limits should not be managed solely based on Ah-counters (counting the ampere- hours into
and out of the battery). Monitoring the battery voltage against the low- voltage disconnect setting (LVD) should always be included.
• The system designer or installer shall adjust and confirm the LVD settings based on the actual conditions of the system.
• For systems where the voltage is measured at the controller and not on the battery, the voltage drop on the connections to
the battery shall be considered.
• For mission critical systems with the load directly connected on the battery, an alarm or other method of user feedback
must be included to provide information about the battery status when DoD exceeds the design limits
6
20% DOD
Reference
50% DOD
LVD / I10
80% DOD
2.05 Vpc
1.97 Vpc
1.91 Vpc
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