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keeping). If you started editing a Preset or you

started editing an Internal Voice, simply point the

Store procedure towards a desirable Internal

location. Press [STORE]; Select a location; press

[ENTER]; then [YES].

Note: At the end of any editing session you should

make a backup copy of all your new Voice edits. Save

sounds either to an optional USB Drive, in an ALL or

ALL-VOICE files or backup the current set via a S90 ES

Voice Editor

What other things can be assigned?

To answer this question we must recognize that

there

are

answers

Voices/Performances and answers for external

communication via MIDI Master Keyboard setups.

Let's first gain an understanding of how the

controllers work. MIDI provides for standard

physical controllers. Some are fixed as to what

control change message they send, while others

are assignable. We must consider what these

controllers are doing to the internal S90 ES

sounds and what they are doing out via MIDI.

These two things can be quite different, by

design.

First, here is how it works with Voices. S90 ES

Voice banks hold the factory programmer's best

work. These are your fundamental, playable

sound Library. A Voice can have as many as four

completely independent multi-sampled waveform

sets within it – Yamaha calls these components

Elements.

Each

Element

controlled by S90 ES parameters such as filters,

envelopes, LFOs, etc. You can assign the various

physical controllers to control specific areas within

the sound. The physical controls available are:

PB – Pitch bend wheel

MW – Modulation wheel

Assign 1 – Slider 3

Assign 2 – Slider 4

AT – Aftertouch

FC1 – Foot Volume (Expression)

FC2 – Foot Control

FS – Foot Switch

BC – Breath Controller

SUS – Sustain

Assign A – Slider 1

Assign B – Slider 2

Control Sliders 1 / 2 / 3 / 4

RB – Ribbon Controller

PB (fixed) – Pitch Bend wheel will always send

information that is Pitch Bend data (its own

category of message) both internally and out via

MIDI. Exactly how the data is interpreted by the

tone

generator

(receiving

programmable. For example, it is possible to use

the wheel for something other than just pitch

for

internal

can

individually

device);

bend by programming the sound to have a pitch

bend depth of 0 and then assigning the PB wheel

to a different parameter. For example, in physical

modeling VL technology (PLG150-VL) the PB

wheel is often used for embouchure (mouth

position/tightness of the lips) – most horns don't

pitch bend like a synth. It makes a good control

for embouchure because embouchure can be

tightened (wheel up) or loosened (wheel down) or

returned to normal (centered). These VL Voices

are often programmed such that the PB range =

+0. Typically, however, on the internal AWM2

sample-based Voices PB range is set to up/down 2

steps (a whole step; see below).

Pitch Bend range is a COMMON parameter and

can be set per Voice on the following screen:

•

Press [COMMON]

•

Press [F1]: GENERAL

•

Press [F5]: OTHER

The Pitch Bend wheel actually sends out 16,384

different units, how far this bends the pitch is

always determined in the receiving device. While

raising the pitch bend wheel in the screen shot

above will raise the pitch two half steps, out via

MIDI a receiving module might see this as an

octave or a fifth (how far the PB changes is always

determined in the receiving device).

MW (fixed) – Modulation wheel will always send

control change message 001 and this data is

typically used for vibrato depth both internally and

out via MIDI. Exactly how the data (control

change

message

interpreted by the tone generator (receiving

device); is programmable. For example, it is

possible

use

something other than just vibrato depth by

programming the sound's PMD (pitch modulation

depth to 0) and assigning it another parameter.

(PMD is another name for vibrato.)

For example, the mod wheel makes a good mix

control. You can use it to fade one layer in (+

depth/level

programmed to fade out (- depth/level at 127).

The assignment to vibrato (Pitch Modulation

Depth) is not automatic. Each Voice that uses the

MW as vibrato has it assigned in a Control Set:

001

–

written

cc001)

the

modulation

wheel

while

second

layer

for