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1. General Description

2. FUNCTIONAL DEoSCRIPTION·

DATA REPRESENTATION

A single 80-column card can contain data in either of two

formats: EBCDIC or binary.

EBCDIC CARD FORMAT

In the EBCDIC card format there are 256 val id punch con-

figurations for a single card column (see Appendix A), each

of whi ch is translated into an 8-bit code in the range 0-

25510(0016-FF16). Thus, the EBCDIC card image (i.e.,

the 80 columns of punch configurations) consists of a trans-

lated string of 8-bit bytes, with the first byte of the string

corresponding to the configuration punched in column 1 and

the last byte of the translated string corresponding to col-

umn 80. , The card image is always presented to the control-

ling system in column order.

Figure 1 illustrates how the first two columns of an EBCDIC

card image are presented to the controll ing system. Note

that column 2 contains an invalid EBCDIC punch configura-

tion, which is translated as 8 zeros and which causes a trans-

mission data error condition (see IErrorConditions" in Chapter

3).

If column 1 of a card contains punches in rows 1 and 2,

the entire card is interpreted as a binary card image rather

than an EBCDIC image (see IIRead Orders" in Chapter

3).

Column

Byte

)

000000000

12345118 B

1111111111

2122222222

3333333333 \

444444444

555555555

6666666661

777777777

8888888888

9999999999 }

1 2 3

5 6 1 8 9 10

n+1

f A ,

Data

11 1 00 0001

0000 0000

Bit Position

314

710

314

Validity

Valid

Invalid

Figure 1. EBCDIC Read Operation

Functional Description

BINARY CARD FORMAT

In the binary card format there are 4096 possible punch con-

figurations for a single card column, and all configurations

are valid. In this format each card column corresponds toa

12-bit code in the range 0-4095 (00016-FFF16)' with each

row punch corresponding to a 1 in the

12-bit code. Thus,

the binary card image consists of a string of 80 12-bit codes,

with the first code corresponding to the actual punch con-

figuration in column 1 and the last code corresponding to

the actual punch configuration in column 80.

Because

Sigma I/O systems use an8-bitbyte as the basic data group-

ing, the 80 12-bit codes are presented to the control

ing

system as 120 8-bit bytes.

Figure 2 illustrates how the first twocolumnsof a binary card

image are presented to the controll ing system.

Note that

for odd-numbered columns, the data in rows 12 through 5

comprise one byte and that the data in rows 6 through 9 are

combined with the data in rows 12 through 1 of the next

even-numbered column to form a second byte. A third byte

is formed from the data in rows 2 through 9 of the even-

numbered column.

Thus, for each odd- even-numbered

pa ir of binary card columns, the controll ingsystem receives

a sequence of three 8-bit bytes.

Card Row

Column

Byte

Data

123456 )

1111111

2122222.

61666666L

777777777

818888888

123'; 5 6) 8 9

999999999

12 11

5.6

9 12 11

1 12

______

___

I __

~J ~~----~:~T,-------JI

:It

n+l

n+2

Bit Pos i t i on

'o-;--;-:;-tT-<"'"i:"--;-irn-,-:;-:;-i~;--;---:;4-;;--;;--::--:::-t...,......,~...".J

Figure 2.

Binary Read Operation

The binary card image is always presented to the controlling

system in column order and in the byte sequence described

above.