Nikon AF Fisheye-Nikkor 16mm f/2.8D Panduan Pengguna - Halaman 2

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Nikon AF Fisheye-Nikkor 16mm f/2.8D Panduan Pengguna

Figure A

Figure B

English

Thank you for purchasing a Nikon product. The AF Fisheye-Nikkor 16 mm f/2.8D lens supplies dis-

tance information to the camera body for instantaneous 3D matrix metering or 3D multi-sensor

balanced fi ll-fl ash fl ash control. It has a 180° diagonal angle of view for a true fi sheye eff ect, but,

unlike other Nikkor fi sheye lenses, it is designed to produce images that fi ll the entire frame, just

like those produced by conventional lenses. In addition to an L37C UV fi lter for normal use, it

comes with O56, A2, and B2 rear-mounted fi lters that can be quickly swapped in and out thanks

to their bayonet mounts. Before using this product, please carefully read both these instructions

and the camera manual so you get the maximum value from your lens now and for years to come.

■ ■

For Your Safety

CAUTIONS

• Do not disassemble. Touching the internal parts of the camera or lens could result in injury. In the event of

malfunction, the product should be repaired only by a qualiﬁ ed technician. Should the product break

open as the result of a fall or other accident, remove the camera battery and/or disconnect the AC adapter

and then take the product to a Nikon-authorized service center for inspection.

• Turn the camera off immediately in the event of malfunction. Should you notice smoke or an unusual smell com-

ing from the equipment, immediately unplug the AC adapter and remove the camera battery, taking care

to avoid burns. Continued operation could result in ﬁ re or injury. After removing or disconnecting the

power source, take the equipment to a Nikon-authorized service center for inspection.

• Do not use in the presence of fl ammable gas. Operating electronic equipment in the presence of ﬂ ammable gas

could result in explosion or ﬁ re.

• Do not look at the sun through the lens or the camera viewfi nder. Viewing the sun or other bright light source

through the lens or viewﬁ nder could cause permanent visual impairment.

• Keep out of reach of children. Particular care should be taken to prevent infants from putting the batteries or

other small parts into their mouths.

• Observe the following precautions when handling the lens and camera:

- Keep the lens and camera dry. Failure to observe this precaution could result in ﬁ re or electric shock.

- Do not handle the lens or camera with wet hands. Failure to observe this precaution could result in

electric shock.

- Keep the sun well out of the frame when shooting backlit subjects. Sunlight focused into the camera

when the sun is in or close to the frame could cause a ﬁ re.

- If the lens will not be used for an extended period, attach the front and rear lens caps and store the lens

out of direct sunlight. If left in direct sunlight, the lens could focus the sun's rays onto ﬂ ammable objects,

causing ﬁ re.

■ ■

Parts of the Lens

q Lens barrel

o Aperture scale

w Minimum aperture lock lever

!0 Aperture indexing post

e Lens hood

!1 Aperture-direct-readout scale

r Focus distance indicator

!2 CPU contacts

t Focal length/aperture/mounting index

!3 Depth-of-fi eld indicators

y Infrared compensation index (white)

!4 Meter coupling ridge

u Focus distance indicator window

!5 Aperture ring

i Focus ring

■ ■

Notices

• Keep the CPU lens contacts clean and be careful not damage the CPU contacts.

• Do not attach the following accessories directly to the lens: PK-1 or PK-11 auto extension rings, K1 rings,

or BR-4 auto rings (the PK-11A and BR-8 can be used in place of the PK-11 and BR-4, respectively). Failure

to observe this precaution will result in damage to the CPU contacts or other parts of the lens. Other lens

accessories may not be compatible with the camera; be sure to consult the camera manual before use.

• The lens can not be used with the DX-1 viewﬁ nder for Nikon F3AF cameras.

■ ■

Focus

Autofocus is available with Nikon autofocus cameras; to focus manually, rotate the focus ring until

the image in the viewfi nder is clearly defi ned.

Depth of Field (Metric)

■ ■

Focus

distance

2.8

0.25

0.243 – 0.258 0.24 – 0.262 0.236 – 0.267 0.23 – 0.276 0.224 – 0.288 0.215 – 0.312 0.206 – 0.35

0.3

0.287 – 0.315 0.281 – 0.323 0.275 – 0.333 0.266 – 0.351 0.256 – 0.377 0.241 – 0.434 0.227 – 0.543

Figure C

0.37 – 0.437 0.359 – 0.456 0.346 – 0.484 0.328 – 0.536 0.308 – 0.623 0.283 – 0.882 0.259 – 1.988

0.4

A far-off portrait subject at some

distance from the background

0.5

0.448 – 0.569 0.43 – 0.607 0.408 – 0.667 0.38 – 0.789 0.351 – 1.04 0.314 – 2.45

0.7

0.59 – 0.873 0.554 – 0.981 0.513 – 1.183 0.464 – 1.742 0.416 – 4.678 0.359 – ∞

1 1

0.772 – 1.46 0.705 – 1.83 0.635 – 2.85 0.555 – 21.01 0.482 – ∞

∞ ∞

2.72 – ∞

Figure D

A field of flowers

■ ■

Focusing Screens

The cameras listed in the "Focusing Screens" table support a variety of focusing screens for use

with diff erent lenses or in diff erent situations. The screens listed in the table are suited for use with

this lens.

When using B2/B3, E2/E3, or K2/K3 screens with cameras not listed in this table, refer respectively

to columns B, E, or K.

Screen

EC-B/

Camera

EC-E

A/L

B B

C C

D D

E E

G1 G1

G2 G2



F5+ DP-30



F5+ DA-30

(+0.5)

(-1)





F4+ DP-20/F4+ DA-20

(-1)



Screen

Camera

H2 H2

H3 H3

H4 H4

J J

K K

P P

M M

R R



F5+ DP-30



F5+ DA-30

(+0.5)



F4+ DP-20/F4+ DA-20





 :

Recommended.

 :

Vignetting visible in viewﬁ nder (photographs are not aﬀ ected).

 :

Split-screen display does not improve focus accuracy.

( ):

Figures in parentheses give the exposure compensation for center-weighted metering. Select

"Other screen" for Custom Setting b6 ("Screen comp. " ) when adjusting exposure compensation

for the F6; note that with screens other than B or E, "Other screen" must be selected even when the

value for exposure compensation is 0. Users of the F5 and F4 can adjust exposure compensation

using Custom Setting 18 or the focusing screen exposure compensation dial, respectively; see the

camera manual for details.

Empty cell: Not suited to use with this lens. Note that type M screens can however be used for photomicrog-

raphy and macro photography at magniﬁ cations of 1 : 1 or higher.

■ ■

Filters

The lens is supplied with four fi lters: the L37C (a UV fi lter), A2,B2, and O56. A fi lter must be attached

at all times; choose a fi lter according to shooting conditions. Thanks to their bayonet mounts,

exchanging these rear-mounted fi lters is a snap.

■ ■

Exchanging Filters

Rotate the current fi lter counterclockwise and remove it.

Place the replacement fi lter on the lens, keeping the dot on its outside rim aligned with

the grove next to the mounting pin on the lens bayonet mount, and then rotate the fi lter

clockwise.

Non-TTL Metering

■ ■

No exposure compensation is required with through-the-lens (TTL) metering, as the camera me-

ters exposure based on the amount of light passing through the lens. When using cameras that

do not off er TTL metering, adjust exposure as shown in the table below. Figures in parentheses

indicate the exposure compensation in f/stops.

Filter

Filter factor (exposure compensation)

Film

Name

Type

Sunlight

Incandescent lighting

Black-and-white/color

L37C

Ultraviolet

Light amber

1.2 (1⁄3)

Color only

Light blue

1.2 (1⁄3)

Black-and-white only

O56

Orange

3.5 (15⁄6)

■ ■

The Minimum Aperture Lock Lever (Figure A)

Lock aperture at f/22 when shooting in programmed auto or shutter-priority auto mode.

Rotate the aperture ring to the minimum aperture setting (f/22).

Slide the lock lever toward the aperture ring so that the white dot on the lock lever aligns

with the orange dot.

To release the lock, slide the lever in the opposite direction.

Depth of fi eld

Reproduction

4 4

5.6

8 8

11 11

16 16

22 22

0.282 – ∞

0.313 – ∞

0.402 – ∞

0.34 – ∞

1.93 – ∞

1.4 – ∞

1.01 – ∞

0.76 – ∞

0.55 – ∞

0.42– ∞

■ ■

Composition (Figure B)

Framing shots with a fi sheye lens requires even more planning and thought than would be need-

ed with a conventional lens. Not only are fi sheye lenses prone to distortion due to their wide

angle of view, but they also squeeze objects to fi t in a limited area: objects near center are larger

and less distorted than those at the edges. The entire fi eld is pushed into the distance and spa-

tial relations are transformed, with whole new compositions revealed by the slightest change in

camera position. Care is required to prevent extraneous objects, such as the legs of a tripod or the

photographer's hands and feet, appearing in the frame.

G3 G3

G4 G4

H1 H1

■ ■

Lens Care

• Use a blower to remove dust and lint from the lens surfaces. To remove smudges and ﬁ ngerprints, apply

a small amount of ethanol or lens cleaner to a soft, clean cotton cloth or lens-cleaning tissue and clean

from the center outwards using a circular motion, taking care not to leave smears or touch the glass with

your ﬁ ngers.

• Never use organic solvents such as paint thinner or benzene to clean the lens.

• Attach the front and rear caps when the lens is not in use.



• Keep the lens dry. Rusting of the internal mechanism can cause irreparable damage.

• If the lens will not be used for an extended period, store it in a cool, dry location to prevent mold and rust.

Do not store in direct sunlight or with naphtha or camphor moth balls.

T T

U U

F F

• Leaving the lens in extremely hot locations could damage or warp parts made from reinforced plastic.

■ ■

Compatible Accessories

• Flexible Lens Pouch CL-0715

■ ■

Speciﬁ cations

16 mm

Focal length



Maximum aperture

f/2.8

Lens construction

8 elements in 5 groups

180°

Angle of view

Focus distance indicator

Graduated in meters and feet from 0.25 m (1 ft) to inﬁ nity (∞)

Distance information

Output into camera

f/2.8 to f/22 on both standard and aperture-direct readout scales

Aperture scale

Diaphragm

Fully automatic

Metering

Full aperture

Nikon F mount

Mount

Filters

L37C, O56, A2 and B2 (rear-mount bayonet-type)

Dimensions

Approx. 63 mm (maximum diameter) × 57 mm (distance from camera lens

mount ﬂ ange); overall length is approx. 68 mm

Approx. 290 g (10.2 oz)

Weight

Nikon reserves the right to change the speciﬁ cations of the hardware described in this manual at any time and

without prior notice.

A Note on Wide- and Super Wide-Angle Lenses

■ ■

Autofocus may not provide the desired results with wide- and super wide-angle lenses in the

following situations:

The subject does not fi ll the area enclosed by the focus brackets (Figure C).

If the focus point contains both foreground and background objects, the camera may focus on

the background and the subject may be out of focus.

The subject contains many fi ne details (Figure D).

The camera may have diffi culty focusing on subjects that contain many fi ne details or that are

lacking in contrast.

In these cases, use manual focus, or use focus lock to focus on another subject at the same dis-

tance and then recompose the photograph. For more information, see "Getting Good Results with

Autofocus" in the camera manual.

1.2 (1⁄3)

2 (1)

Depth of Field (Imperial)

■ ■

(m)

Focus

Depth of fi eld

ratio

distance

2.8

5.6

9 ⁄ in. –

9 ⁄ in. –

9 ⁄ in. –

9 ⁄ in. –

1/10

0.85

10 ⁄ in.

10 ⁄ in.

11 ⁄ in.

11 ⁄ in.

11 ⁄ in. –

11 ⁄ in. –

10 ⁄ in. –

10 ⁄ in. –

1/14

1 ft ⁄ in.

1 ft ⁄ in.

1 ft 1 ⁄ in.

1 ft 2 ⁄ in.

1 ft 1 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 1 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 1 ⁄ in. –

1 ft ⁄ in. –

1.3

1/20

1 ft 4 ⁄ in.

1 ft 4 ⁄ in.

1 ft 5 ⁄ in.

1 ft 7 ⁄ in.

1 ft 4 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 3 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 3 in. –

1 ft 2 ⁄ in. –

1.5

1/26

1 ft 8 ⁄ in.

1 ft 9 ⁄ in.

1 ft 10 ⁄ in.

2 ft 2 ⁄ in.

1 ft 8 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 7 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 6 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 4 ⁄ in. –

1/39

2 ft 4 ⁄ in.

2 ft 7 ⁄ in.

3 ft ⁄ in.

3 ft 11 ⁄ in.

2 ft 4 ⁄ in. –

2 ft 2 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 11 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 8 ⁄ in. –

1/58

4 ft 2 ⁄ in.

5 ft ⁄ in.

7 ft 1 ⁄ in.

20 ft 1 ⁄ in.

3 ft 4 ⁄ in. –

2 ft 11 ⁄ in. –

2 ft 6 ⁄ in. –

2 ft 1 ⁄ in. –

1/∞

10 ft 4 in.

20 ft 1 in.

∞

8 ft 11 in. –

6 ft 3 ⁄ in. –

4 ft 7 ⁄ in. –

3 ft 3 ⁄ in. –

∞

(ft)

Reproduction

ratio

8 ⁄ in. –

8 ⁄ in. –

8 ⁄ in. –

1/11

1 ft ⁄ in.

1 ft 1 ⁄ in.

1 ft 3 ⁄ in.

10 ⁄ in. –

9 ⁄ in. –

8 ⁄ in. –

1/14

1 ft 3 ⁄ in.

1 ft 5 ⁄ in.

1 ft 10 ⁄ in.

11 ⁄ in. –

10 ⁄ in. –

9 ⁄ in. –

1/19

1 ft 10 ⁄ in.

2 ft 6 in.

4 ft 7 ⁄ in.

1 ft 1 ⁄ in. –

11 ⁄ in. –

10 ⁄ in. –

1/24

2 ft 8 ⁄ in.

4 ft 9 ⁄ in.

∞

1 ft 3 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 1 ⁄ in. –

11 ⁄ in. –

1/33

6 ft 7 ⁄ in.

∞

1 ft 6 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 3 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 1 ⁄ in. –

1/53

∞

1 ft 9 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 5 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 2 ⁄ in. –

1/92

∞

2 ft 5 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 9 ⁄ in. –

1 ft 4 ⁄ in. –

1/∞

∞