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Off-Campus Network Considerations
In an off-campus remoting environment (WAN or MAN), IT administrators will encounter a number of items
which need special attention. These include:
•
restricted bandwidth environments
•
network latency
•
firewalls and virtual private networks (VPN's)
Restricted Bandwidth Environments
In cases where the planning bandwidth is not available, the IT administrator needs to make tradeoffs to achieve
the optimal experience. In these cases the IT administrator should take the average bandwidth usage as well as
USB and audio traffic into account.
Minimum Bandwidth Requirements – At a minimum, 3 Mbps peak bandwidth per user is required to be
available for reliable system operation.
Average versus Planning Bandwidth
The average bandwidth used will typically be significantly lower than the planning bandwidth for users doing
interactive operations. Measurements have shown task workers consuming less than 200 kbps average, and
knowledge workers consuming less than 1 Mbps on average. IT administrators can take advantage of this when
planning their network deployments by measuring the requirements of their target users.
USB and Audio Considerations
In restricted bandwidth environments, USB and audio traffic can be a significant factor in overall bandwidth
usage. For USB traffic, keyboard and mouse traffic remains small but IT administrators should budget for a
certain amount of data transfers to occur.
USB – upstream (input) or downstream (output) traffic that can range up to 12 Mbps in either direction.
Keyboard and mouse USB traffic requires significantly less than 1Mbps. USB traffic is not compressed and can
be allocated based on the user segment's USB peripheral throughput needs.
Audio traffic requires low peak bandwidth but it can significantly affect a user's average bandwidth
requirements.
Audio – For HD audio, up to 3 Mbps bandwidth allocation is required downstream to the speakers and 1.5
Mbps upstream from the microphone. For low bandwidth situations, audio may be compressed resulting in a per
user audio bandwidth as low as 800Kbps in each direction audio is used.
Network Latency Considerations
In general, to provide system responsiveness comparable to a traditional desktop, the round trip network
latency should ideally be less than 30ms. This requirement easily fits within corporate or campus LAN
infrastructures. The hardware advantages of PC-over-IP technology help mitigate the impact of high latency
links to deliver an exceptional user experience. Optimizations for network latencies >30ms will be covered in a
separate document.
NAT Considerations
®
PC-over-IP
traffic cannot undergo network address translation (NAT). The Host and destination IP addresses
cannot be modified as the packets move between the host and the portal. To support NAT, PC-over-IP® traffic
can be tunneled through a VPN.
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