Yamaha DX11 Manuale operativo - Pagina 12
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OSCILLATOR
This
is
where you
set
the
frequency of each
operator.
Each
operator can be
set
to
Ratio
or
Fixed
mode.
In
Ratio
mode.
the
frequency
will
depend
on
the
key
you
play
(ie.
the
"normal"
way).
In
I-'ixed
mode,
the
frequency
will
be
the
same
no matter which key you
play.
This can be
useful for
special
effects,
or
for
creating
'ibrmants"
(fixed
character-
istics
of
spectral
emphasis found
in
human
voices
and
some
instruments).
While
making
Coarse
[8]
or
Fine
[9]
frequency
settings,
move
the
cursor
to
(xxx)
and
use
1
,M
1
to
switch
between
Fix
and
Ratio
modes.
[7]
Fix
Range
This
is
where you
set
the
frequency range of an
oscillator
set
to
Fixed
mode
(see
below).
Repeatedly
press
7
to
make
settings for
each
operator.
A
"*"
indicates that
the
operator
is
set
to
Ratio
mode.
This
parameter
is
effective
only
when
the oscillator
mode
is
set
to
"Fixed".
Think
of
it
as
being
an
"extra
coarse" adjustment of a Fixed Frequency,
Setect(Hz)
Fix
Range
(Hz)
One
Ftrve
St0]?
(Hz)
255
8-255
1
510
16-510
2
1K
32-1020
4
2IC
64-2040
8
4K
1
28-4080
16
8K
256-8160
32
16K
512-16320
64
32K
1
024-32640
128
Due
to
hardware
limitations,
the
very
highest frequencies
will
not
actually
be
output.
[8] [9]
Frequency Coarse/Fine
Repeatedly
press
8
or
9
to
set
Frequency Coarse
or
Fine
for
each operator 1-4.
The
"standard"
ratio
is
1
.00;
when
an operator
set to
1
.00
frequency
ratio
it
will
produce
a
440H/
tone
for
an
A3
note (standard
pitch).
A
ratio
of 2.00
would
be
an
octave
higher,
and
4.00
would
be
two
octaves
higher.
[10]
Oscillator
Wave (W1—
W8)
The
DXl
1
can perform
FM
synthesis using
non-sinewave
waveforms. Each operator can
be
independently
set
to
one of
the
following
8
waveforms.
The
selected
waveform
will
be graphically indicated
in
the
LCD.
e
I
1
1
1
-,
-
-'-^
V
--
-
OSW
W5 WZ W6 W7
W1
:
C\y
W5:
0^
W2:
^
y"
W6:
>^
>
^j^2-
JZ^
W7:
ffl
—
<
W4:
"^-^^^
1
\J^Q:^^
1
These waveforms can
be used
as
both
carriers
and
modulators.
Sine
waves {waveform
I)
are
pure
tones,
The
other seven
waveforms
have
iidditional
harmonics
already
in
ihem. This
allows
for
complex waveforms
to
be created
from
fewer
operators.
For
ideas
on
how
to
use the
various
waveforms, examine
the preset voices.
The harmonic
content of each
waveform
is
describedi
on
p.
25,
'
[11]
Detune
{
+
3)
The
frequency of each operator can
be
moved
slightly
higher or
lower.
By
detuning
two
carriers
in
opposite
directions,
you
can
create
a
detune- chorus
effect.
By
detuning
a
modulator and
carrier,
you
can
create
slightly
irregular,
"natural-sounding"
harmonic
structures.
The
amount
of detune
will
differ
over
the
keyboard.
At
C?>
a
setting
of
+3
is
equivalent
to
±2.6
cents.
Envelope Generator
The
Envelope Generator
(EG)
determines
how
the
operator
output
level
changes over
time.
The
EGs
in
the
DXll
have
4
rate
(speed)
parameters and
1
level
parameter.
In
addition,
you
can
"shift" the
range of
the entire
envelope by
a
specified
amount,
so that there
will
be
some
operator output even
when
^
a
note
is
not being pressed.
(LEVEL)
Key
On
Key
Off
(TIME)
[12]
EG
Rate
Repeatedly
press
12
to
set
the
four
rates.
(1)
AR(0-31)
Attack Rate determines
how
quickly
the
level will
rise
up
to
maximum
level.
When
AR
is
0,
the
rate
is
intmitely
slow
(ie.
it
never changes),
and
when
AR
is
3
1
,
the attack
is
fastest.
10