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SELECTING A LOCATION

Selecting a suitable location is critical to the operation of smoke alarms. This

equipment should be installed in accordance with National Fire Protection

Association's (NFPA) Standard 72 (see Figure 6).

A-11-8.3a Where to Locate the Required Smoke Alarms in Existing

Construction.

The major threat from ﬁ re in a family living unit occurs at night when everyone

is asleep. The principal threat to persons in sleeping areas comes from ﬁ res in

the remainder of the unit. Therefore, a smoke alarm(s) is best located between

the bedroom areas and the rest of the unit. In units with only one bedroom area

on one ﬂ oor, the smoke alarm(s) should be located as shown in Figure 6A.

In family living units with more than one bedroom area or with more than one

ﬂ oor, more than one smoke alarm is required, as shown in Figure 6B.

In addition to smoke alarms outside of the sleeping areas, the installation of

a smoke alarm on each additional story of the family living unit, including the

basement, is required. These installations are shown in Figure 6C. The living

area smoke alarm should be installed in the living room or near the stairway

to the upper level, or in both locations. The basement smoke alarm should be

installed in close proximity to the stairway leading to the ﬂ oor above. Where

installed on an open-joisted ceiling, the alarm should be placed on the bottom

of the joists. The alarm should be positioned relative to the stairway to intercept

smoke coming from a ﬁ re in the basement before smoke enters the stairway.

Where to Locate the Required Smoke Alarms in New Construction.

All of the smoke alarms speciﬁ ed for existing construction are required and, in

addition, a smoke alarm is required in each bedroom.

Are More Smoke Alarms Desirable?

The required number of smoke alarms might not provide reliable early warning

protection for those areas separated by a door from the areas protected by the

required smoke alarms. For this reason, it is recommended that the householder

consider the use of additional smoke alarms for those areas for increased

protection. The additional areas include the basement, bedrooms, dining

room, furnace room, utility room, and hallways not protected by the required

smoke alarms. The installation of smoke alarms in kitchens, attics (ﬁ nished

or unﬁ nished), or garages is not normally recommended, as these locations

occasionally experience conditions that can result in improper operation.

Since regulations pertaining to smoke alarm/detector installation vary from

state to state, contact the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Where public

safety is primary, the AHJ may be federal, state, local, or other regional

department or individual such as a ﬁ re chief, ﬁ re marshal, chief of a ﬁ re

prevention bureau, labor or health department, building ofﬁ cial, electrical

inspector, or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an

insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company

representative may be the AHJ. In some cases, the property owner or their

designated agent assumes the role of the AHJ. At government installations,

the commanding ofﬁ cer or department ofﬁ cial may be the AHJ.

In addition to NFPA 72, use the following location guidelines to optimize

performance and reduce the chance of false alarms from the alarm:

• Locate ceiling-mounted smoke alarms in he center of a room or hallway

at least 4 inches (10cm) from any walls or partitions.

• Locate wall-mounted smoke alarms so the top of the alarm is 4 to 12

inches (10 to 31cm) below the ceiling.

• Locate in a suitable environment as follows:

• Temperature between 40°F (4.4°C) and 100°F (37.8°C)

• Humidity between 0 and 95% non-condensing

• Locate away from air conditioners, heating registers, and any other

ventilation source that may interfere with smoke entering the alarm.

• Mount smoke alarms on a ﬁ rm permanent surface.

• Locate away from large metallic objects to reduce shielding of the

wireless transmitter's signal.

Smoke alarms are not to be used with detector guards unless the

combination has been evaluated and found suitable for that purpose.

IMPORTANT: Regulations pertaining to

smoke alarm installations vary from

state to state. For more information,

contact your local fire department or

local authority having jurisdiction.

Figure 6. Smoke Alarm Placement

Indicates additional smoke alarms

required for new construction