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InfiniBand uses a communications stack (Figure 6) that specifies both the functionality and physical

connectivity of the channel adapter. Adapter functionality is defined by its verb set as detected by the

application programming interface (API) of the operating system being used. Each layer is subservient

to the layer preceding it and must complete its function before passing the responsibility on to the next

layer.

Figure 6. InfiniBand communication layers

Upper

Level

Protocol

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

InfiniBand RDMA protocols

The upper layer protocol (ULP) layer works closest to the operating system and application, and

defines how much (if any) software overhead will be required by the data transfer. A number of

InfiniBand upper layer protocols are available, three of which support RDMA operations:

• SCSI RDMA Protocol

Direct Access Programming Library

The Direct Access Programming Library (DAPL) allows low-latency RDMA communications well-suited

for inter-node transfers. The uDAPL provides user-level access to RDMA functionality on InfiniBand.

Applications must be written with a specific uDAPL implementation to use RDMA for data transfers

between nodes. The kDAPL operates at the kernel level.

Sockets Direct Protocol

Sockets Direct Protocol (SDP) is a sockets-based RDMA protocol that operates from the kernel.

Applications must be written to take advantage of the SDP interface. SDP is based on the WinSock

Direct Protocol used by Microsoft server operating systems, and is suited for connecting databases to

application servers.

Uses DAPL, SDD, and/or SRP protocols to handle RDMA

operations

Processes information according to the operation specified

by the verb(s) invoked

Responsible for routing packets between subnets

Handles send and receive data at the packet level and

provides addressing, buffering, flow control, error

detection, and switching

Establishes the physical link, monitors link status, and

informs the data link layer when the link is up or down