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5.3

Driver Stage

The following stage is an enhancement-mode N-Channel MOSFET device (Q4431) providing a gain

of 10dB. This device also requires a positive gate bias and a quiescent current ﬂow for proper

operation. The voltage of the line Bias_2_UHF_PA_1 is set in transmit mode by the ASFIC and fed to

the gate of Q4431 via the resistive network R4632, R4631, R4485 and R4486. This bias voltage is

also tuned in the factory. If the transistor is replaced, the bias voltage must be tuned using the

Customer Programming Software (CPS). Care must be taken not to damage the device by exceeding

the maximum allowed bias voltage. The device's drain current is drawn directly from the radio's DC

supply voltage input, A+, via L4421.

5.4

Final Stage

The ﬁnal stage uses the bipolar device Q4441. The device's collector current is also drawn from the

radio's DC supply voltage input. To maintain class C operation, the base is DC-grounded by a series

inductor (L4441) and a bead (L4440). A matching network consisting of C4441-C4444, C4491 and

two striplines transforms the impedance to 50 Ohms and feeds the directional coupler.

5.5

Directional Coupler

The Bi-directional coupler is a microstrip printed circuit, which couples a small amount of the forward

and reverse power of the RF power from Q4441. The coupled signal is rectiﬁed to an output power

proportional DC voltage by the diodes D4451 & D4452 and sent to the RFIN of PCIC. The PCIC

controls the gain of stage U4401 as necessary to hold this voltage constant, thus ensuring the

forward power out of the radio to be held to a constant value.

5.6

Antenna Switch

The antenna switch consists of two PIN diodes, D4471 and D4472. In the receive mode, both

diodes are off. Signals applied at the antenna jack J4401 are routed, via the harmonic ﬁlter, through

network L4472, C4474 and C4475, to the receiver input. In the transmit mode, K9V1 turns on

Q4471 which enables current sink Q4472, set to 96 mA by R4511 and VR4471. This completes a

DC path from PASUPVLTG, through L4437, D4471, L4472, D4472, L4473, R4496 and the current

sink, to ground. Both diodes are forward biased into conduction. The transmitter RF from the

directional coupler is routed via D4471 to the harmonic ﬁlter and antenna jack. D4472 also

conducts, shunting RF power and preventing it from reaching the receiver port (RXIN). L4472 is

selected to appear as a broadband Lambda/4 wave transmission line, making the short circuit

presented by D4472 appear as an open circuit at the junction of D4472 and the receiver path.

5.7

Harmonic Filter

Inductors L4491, L4492, L4493 and capacitors C4448, C4492,C4494, C4496 and C4498 form a

low-pass ﬁlter to attenuate harmonic energy of the transmitter to speciﬁcations level. R4491 is used

to drain electrostatic charge that might otherwise build up on the antenna. The harmonic ﬁlter also

prevents high level RF signals above the receiver passband from reaching the receiver circuits,

improving spurious response rejection.

THEORY OF OPERATION