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4.2 Charging

The most common type of charging method can be grouped into three phases: bulk, absorption, and float charge. An additional

balance phase can be performed on a routine maintenance-as-required basis.

The Bulk charge accounts for charging the battery from anywhere between 0% up to 80% state of charge. The absorption phase

charges the battery from 80% to nearly 100% state of charge. Lastly, a float charge supplies a controlled voltage and amperage to

bring the battery to a complete full charge.

For specific charge programming instructions, please refer to the documents provided by the charger manufacturer.

The battery temperature must be monitored during charge. It should never exceed 45°C/113°F . If the upper temperature limits are

reached, the charge shall be interrupted or the charge voltage should be reduced to float voltage for a period of time sufficient

enough to allow the battery to cool down. Operation can continue once the temperature stabilizes below 45°C/113°F .

Depending on the charger type and charging characteristic curve, alternating currents flow through the battery during charging and

are superimposed onto the charging direct current. These alternating currents (AC ripple current) must not exceed 1A per 100 Ah of

C10 nominal capacity.

4.2.1 Commissioning Charge

Batteries lose charge while in transit or during storage. For this reason, a refresh charge should be given before putting the

battery into service. The charge voltage should be set for 12 hours at constant voltage with current limitations as listed below.

The battery should be considered fully charge when individual cell voltages have not risen for a period of 4 hours. The surface

temperature must not exceed 40°C (104°F).

During commission, measure the cell voltage of the cells and after commissioning, measure the cell voltage and surface

temperature of each cell and log this data. Discover Commissioning Logs are online available at

resources/

4.2.2 IU Charging

•

The charge voltage should be set as shown in the table below multiplied number of cells in series.

•

The battery should be considered fully charged when the individual cell voltages have not risen for a period of 4

hours and the inverter/charger adjust to float voltage. The absorption phase should not last more than 10 hours.

4.2.3 IUI Charging

Use an I-U-I or I charger that can charge the battery with constant current at elevated voltages greater than 2.50VPC to

2.80VPC. Charge with IU characteristic as described above. An additional balance phase is followed after the absorption

phase in IUI characteristic. Keep the charging current at 1.2A per 100Ah nominal battery capacity C10 as soon as the

Constant Voltage

Current Limit

Time Limitation

Temperature Compensation

0°C

10°C

20°C

30°C

35°C

Voltage limit: 2.35 V/Cell at 20°C/(68°F)

Bulk/Absorption

Constant current limit: 20A per 100Ah C10 rating

Float

Constant voltage limit: 2.25 V/Cell at 20°C/(68°F)

2.35 V/Cell at 20°C/(68°F)

15A per 100Ah C10 rating

Max. 12 hrs

2.45 Vpc

2.40 Vpc

2.35 Vpc

2.32 Vpc

2.30 Vpc

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