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Respecting the Stereo Window

We discussed brie y how the display screen represents a window and objects can be behind, at or in

front of the window. If you want an object to appear in front of the window it cannot touch the left

or right edge of the frame. If it does the viewer's brain won't understand how the parallax is

suggesting the object is in front of the screen, but at the same time it is being occluded by the edge

of the screen. When this contradiction happens it is referred to as a window violation and it should be

avoided. Professional stereographers have a few tricks for xing window violations with lighting or

soft masks but it is best for beginners to simply obey this rule.

Unwelcome Disparities (Geometric, lens and temporal)

Disparity is a "dirty word" for stereographers. In fact the only "good" type of disparity in S3D is

horizontal disparity between the left and right eye images. As mentioned before, this is known as

parallax.

Any other type of disparity in your image (vertical, rotational, zoom, keystone or temporal) will cause

the viewers eyes to strain to accommodate. This can break the 3D eﬀect and cause muscular pain in

the viewer's eyes or even nausea. Every stereographer will strive to avoid these disparities on set by

carefully calibrating the steroescopic rig and it will be tweaked ever further in post production

through the use of 3D mastering software.

Ortho-stereo, Hyper-stereo & Hypo-stereo

As mentioned earlier, the average interocular separation of human beings is considered to be about

65mm (2.5 inches.) When this same distance is used as the interaxial distance between two shooting

cameras then the resulting stereoscopic eﬀect is typically known as "Ortho-stereo. " Many

stereographers choose 2.5" as a stereo-base for this reason. If the interaxial distance used to shoot is

smaller than 2.5 inches then you are shooting "Hypo-stereo. " This technique is common for

theatrically released lms to accommodate the eﬀects of the big screen. It is also used for macro

stereoscopic photography.

Lastly, Hyper-stereo refers to interaxial distances greater than 2.5 inches. As I mentioned earlier the

greater the interaxial separation, the greater the depth eﬀect. An elephant can perceive much more

depth than a human, and a human can perceive more depth than a mouse. However, using this

same analogy, the mouse can get close and peer inside the petals of a ower with very good depth

perception, and the human will just go "cross-eyed. " Therefore decreasing the interaxial separation

between two cameras to 1" or less will allow you to shoot amazing macro stereo-photos and

separating the cameras to several feet apart will allow great depth on mountain ranges, city skylines

and other vistas.

XF300/305 Whitepaper

Tim Dashwood

Stereoscopic 3D