Yamaha AW2816 Handmatig - Pagina 7
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Three common microphone types are dynamic, condenser, and ribbon. Each type has different
characteristics and as a result will be used for different applications.
Dynamic Microphones
The most common type of microphone is the dynamic microphone. This microphone is made up
of a flexibly mounted diaphragm that is coupled to a coil of fine wire. The coil is mounted in the
air gap of a magnet so that it is free to move back and forth within the gap. When sound waves
strike the diaphragm, the diaphragm will vibrate. As the diaphragm vibrates it will in turn cause
the coil to move back and forth in the field of the magnet. As the coil cuts through the lines of
magnetic force in the gap, a small electrical current is induced in the wire, which is an electrical
representation of the sound wave.
Construction of a Dynamic Microphone
Dynamic microphones are highly dependable, can handle high sound pressure levels, and are
very rugged. For these reasons they are usually used on drums and guitar amps.
Condenser Microphones
Next to the dynamic microphone, the most common microphone type is the condenser. Recent
advances in technology have brought the prices of condenser microphones down considerably.
As a result they are becoming even more common in home studios and project studios.
In a condenser microphone, a gold-coated plastic diaphragm is mounted above a conductive back
plate. The diaphragm and back plate, separated by a small volume of air, form an electrical
component called a capacitor (or condenser). A voltage between 9 and 48 volts is applied to the
diaphragm by an external power supply, charging it with a fixed, static voltage. This is also
commonly referred to as Phantom Power. As the diaphragm vibrates in response to the sound
waves an electrical charge is induced that is an electrical representation of the acoustic sound
wave.
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