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RDMA over InfiniBand

InfiniBand is a high-performance, low-latency alternative to Ethernet. InfiniBand architecture uses a

switched-fabric, channel-based design that adapts well to distributed-computing environments where

performance, infrastructure simplification, and convergence of component interconnects are key

design goals. A data center employing an InfiniBand infrastructure is less complex and easier to

manage.

Like Ethernet, InfiniBand architecture uses multi-layer processing to transfer data between nodes. Each

InfiniBand node contains a host or target channel adapter (HCA or TCA) that connects to an

InfiniBand network through a bi-directional serial link. However, InfiniBand architecture allows links to

have multiple channel pairs (4x being the current typical implementation), with each channel handling

virtual lanes of multiplexed data at a 2.5 Gbps single data rate (SDR). Additional nodes and channels

(up to 12x) and faster signaling (up to quad data rate) increase the bandwidth of a link, making an

InfiniBand infrastructure scalable with system expansion and capable of a bandwidth from 2.5 to 120

Gbps in each direction (although processor overhead and server I/O bus architectures may lower

usable bandwidth by 10 percent or more).

RDMA data transactions over InfiniBand (Figure 5) occur basically the same way as described for

Ethernet and offer the same advantages. However, InfiniBand uses a communications stack designed

to support RDMA as a core capability and therefore provides greater RDMA performance than

Ethernet.

Figure 5. RDMA data flow over InfiniBand

Sending Host

Memory

Chipset

HCA

Ch 1 TX/RX Prs

Ch 2 TX/RX Prs

Ch 3 TX/RX Prs

Ch 4 TX/RX Prs

An InfiniBand HCA is similar to an Ethernet NIC in operation but uses a different software

architecture. The InfiniBand HCA uses a separate communications stack usually provided by the HCA

manufacturer or by a third-party software vendor. Therefore, operating an HCA requires prior loading

of both the software driver and the communications stack for the specific operating system.

The majority of existing InfiniBand clusters run on Linux. Drivers and communications stacks are also

available for Microsoft® Windows®, HP-UX, Solaris, and other operating systems from various

hardware and software vendors. Note that specific feature support varies among operating systems

and vendors.

CPU

4x InfiniBand Link

Receiving Host

Memory

Chipset

HCA

CPU