DYNACO PAS-4 Manual do Proprietário - Página 7

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Tube Replacement

CAUTION: Before replacing tubes on your PAS-4 ensure the AC power cord is un- plugged from its AC

(wall) outlet (or that the AC power cord is unplugged from the back of the unit) and wait for

three minutes to allow the high voltage power supply to discharge. Gloves may be worn

when changing tubes. Never touch live circuit elements in vacuum tube equipment because

lethal voltages are present when these are turned on.

The tubes in your PAS-4 could provide 5,000 to 10,000 hours of use. We recomend that these tubes be

replaced after no more than 3,000 hours of use to avoid the slightly "muffled" sound or slight bass "roll-

off" which can begin to occur with old tubes.

Microphonics (various "pinging" or "howling" sounds) is due to a tube being overly sensitive to physical

vibrations. To avoid it, do not operate vacuum tube equipment on top of vibrating surfaces (such as

loudspeakers). But if a tube is so sensitive that just having the preamplfier turned on causes the

microphonic sounds, the tube will have to be replaced. It can happen that a tube becomes microphonic

with age or that it is only microphonic before it warms up (or only after it warms up).

The most common type of problem in tube preamplifiers is excessive noise caused by a worn or faulty

tube. The characteristics of this noise can vary a great deal. If a noise problem occurs with your PAS-4,

99% of the time it will be due to a faulty tube

The most likely source of tube noise in the PAS-4 is the phono section first stage tubes V1 (left channel)

or V4 (right channel). Less likely, but to be suspected next, would be the phono stage second stage

tubes V2 (left) or V5 (right). If the undesirable noise increases as you turn up the volume control, the

faulty tube is likely to be one of the phono section tubes. The line stage tubes are V3 (left) and V6 (right).

(Refer to the tube numbers printed adjacent to pin #1 of each tube on the printed circuit board.)

Note:

When removing a tube, grasp the tube socket with one hand and the tube with the other hand.

Move the tube (slightly) from side to side while pulling outward.

An easy way to determine if a tube in any particular position is causing un-desirable noise is to

swap the suspected tube with its counterpart in the opposite channel. If the noise jumps to the

other channel, the tube you suspected is indeed faulty.

The most certain method for confirming a faulty tube

is by substitution of a known good tube.