AIRFIX A20005 Manual de instruções - Página 16
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The Jet Engine
The
jet
engine
was
developed
simultaneously by Great Britain and Germany
in the 1930s. A young flying officer in the
British Royal Air Force, Frank Whittle, and a
German physics student, Hans von Ohain
both developed the idea at the same time for
a turbojet power plant which over the years
has become the jet engine as we know it
today.The original turbojet jet engine was a
breakthrough in engineering which enabled
aircraft to fly up to speeds of 500mph, today
the jet engine has been developed so that
they can fly at up to three times the speed of
sound
which
is
nearly
2000mph!
The jet engine is in the shape of a barrel with
both ends open. Huge quantities of air are
sucked into the front end and then
compressed with the use of fan blades. The
compressed air is fed into the combustion
chamber at the centre of the engine.
A constant spray of fuel is fed into the
chamber which then mixes with the air
inside. When the air and fuel mixture burns
it becomes extremely hot which causes the
mixture
to
expand
massively.
This
expansion makes the hot gases rush out of
the exhaust nozzle at the back of the
barrel-shaped jet engine. As the air rushes
out of the jet engine a big fan known as a
turbine spins around and sucks more air into
jet engine
the front of the engine through the forward
compressor. As the gases rush out of the jet
engine this causes the engine to move for-
ward, this is based on the famous scientist
Sir Isaac Newton's Third Law of Motion.
Newton discovered that for every action
there must be an equal and opposite reac-
tion, so the big push of gases out of the back
of the jet engine (or backward thrust) results
in an equally strong push forward (forward
thrust). The faster the jet engine spins, the
more air is sucked in which, in turn creates
more power. When you have built your Jet
Engine switch it on and move the handle
backwards and forwards to adjust the speed
and see how the engine works. Today jet
engines based on the original design are
used for most Military aircraft, however, the
design has been adapted for use on large
passenger aircraft to make the engine both
quieter and cheaper to run. By increasing
the size of the front fan blades part of the air
is fed directly to the turbine at the back while
the rest of the air is directed through the
centre of the engine. The colder air fed to
the back mixes with the hot gases from the
turbine which expands to give greater thrust
from the same amount of fuel. Since its
invention the jet engine has made the world
a smaller place allowing people to travel
large distances at speeds they would have
never dreamt of before.
2
Notes