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that has driven the establishment of new research programs around the world. The project has also helped develop a series

of public information documents on EMF issues. The FDA and the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association (CTIA)

have a formal Cooperative Research And Development Agreement (CRADA) to do research on wireless phone safety. The

FDA provides the scientific oversight, obtaining input from experts in government, industry, and academic organizations.

CTIA funded research is conducted through contracts with independent investigators. The initial research will include both

laboratory studies and studies of wireless phone users. The CRADA will also include a broad assessment of additional

research needs in the context of the latest research developments around the world.

7. How can I find out how much Radio Frequency energy exposure I can get by using my wireless phone?

All phones sold in the United States must comply with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) guidelines that limit

Radio Frequency (RF) energy exposures. The FCC established these guidelines in consultation with the FDA and the other

federal health and safety agencies. The FCC limit for RF exposure from wireless phones is set at a Specific Absorption Rate

(SAR) of 1.6 watts per kilogram (1.6 W/kg). The FCC limit is consistent with the safety standards developed by the Institute of

Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement. The exposure

limit takes into consideration the body's ability to remove heat from the tissues that absorb energy from the wireless phone

and is set well below levels known to have effects. Manufacturers of wireless phones must report the RF exposure level for

each model of phone to the FCC. The FCC website (http://www.fcc. gov/oet/rfsafety) gives directions for locating the FCC

identification number on your phone so you can find your phone's RF exposure level in the online listing.

8. What has the FDA done to measure the Radio Frequency energy coming from wireless phones?

The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) is developing a technical standard for measuring the Radio

Frequency (RF) energy exposure from wireless phones and other wireless handsets with the participation and leadership of

FDA scientists and engineers. The standard, "Recommended Practice for Determining the Spatial-Peak Specific Absorption

Rate (SAR) in the Human Body Due to Wireless Communications Devices: Experimental Techniques", sets forth the first

consistent test methodology for measuring the rate at which RF is deposited in the heads of wireless phone users. The

test method uses a tissue-simulating model of the human head. Standardized SAR test methodology is expected to greatly

improve the consistency of measurements made at different laboratories on the same phone. SAR is the measurement of

the amount of energy absorbed in tissue, either by the whole body or a small part of the body. It is measured in watts/kg (or

milliwatts/g) of matter. This measurement is used to determine whether a wireless phone complies with safety guidelines.

9. What steps can I take to reduce my exposure to Radio Frequency energy from my wireless phone?

If there is a risk from these products — and at this point we do not know that there is — it is probably very small. But if

you are concerned about avoiding even potential risks, you can take a few simple steps to minimize your exposure to Radio

Frequency (RF) energy. Since time is a key factor in how much exposure a person receives, reducing the amount of time spent

using a wireless phone will reduce RF exposure. If you must conduct extended conversations by wireless phone every day,

you could place more distance between your body and the source of the RF, since the exposure level drops off dramatically

with distance. For example, you could use a headset and carry the wireless phone away from your body or use a wireless

phone connected to a remote antenna. Again, the scientific data does not demonstrate that wireless phones are harmful. But

if you are concerned about the RF exposure from these products, you can use measures like those described above to reduce

your RF exposure from wireless phone use.

10. What about children using wireless phones?

The scientific evidence does not show a danger to users of wireless phones, including children and teenagers. If you want

to take steps to lower exposure to Radio Frequency (RF) energy, the measures described above would apply to children and

teenagers using wireless phones. Reducing the time of wireless phone use and increasing the distance between the user and

the RF source will reduce RF exposure.

Some groups sponsored by other national governments have advised that children be discouraged from using wireless

phones at all. For example, the government in the United Kingdom distributed leaflets containing such a recommendation

in December 2000. They noted that no evidence exists that using a wireless phone causes brain tumors or other ill effects.

Their recommendation to limit wireless phone use by children was strictly precautionary; it was not based on scientific

evidence that any health hazard exists.

11. What about wireless phone interference with medical equipment?

Radio Frequency (RF) energy from wireless phones can interact with some electronic devices. For this reason, the FDA

helped develop a detailed test method to measure Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) of implanted cardiac pacemakers

and defibrillators from wireless telephones. This test method is now part of a standard sponsored by the Association for the

Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). The final draft, a joint effort by the FDA, medical device manufacturers, and

many other groups, was completed in late 2000. This standard will allow manufacturers to ensure that cardiac pacemakers

and defibrillators are safe from wireless phone EMI.

The FDA has tested hearing aids for interference from handheld wireless phones and helped develop a voluntary standard

sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). This standard specifies test methods and performance

requirements for hearing aids and wireless phones so that no interference occurs when a person uses a "compatible" phone

and a "compatible" hearing aid at the same time. This standard was approved by the IEEE in 2000.

The FDA continues to monitor the use of wireless phones for possible interactions with other medical devices. Should harmful

interference be found to occur, the FDA will conduct testing to assess the interference and work to resolve the problem.

12. Where can I find additional information?

For additional information, please refer to the following resources:

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) RF Safety Program

(http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety)

International Commission on Non-lonizing Radiation Protection

(http://www.icnirp.de)

World Health Organization (WHO) International EMF Project

(http://www.who.int/emf)

National Radiological Protection Board (UK)

(http://www.hpa.org.uk/radiation/)

Driving

Check the laws and regulations on the use of wireless phones in the areas where you drive and always obey them. Also, if

using your phone while driving, please observe the following:

• Give full attention to driving -- driving safely is your first responsibility;

• Use hands-free operation, if available;

• Pull off the road and park before making or answering a call if driving conditions or the law require it.

Consumer Information on SAR (Specific Absorption Rate)

This model phone meets the Government's requirements for exposure to radio waves. Your wireless phone is a radio

transmitter and receiver. It is designed and manufactured not to exceed the emission limits for exposure to radiofrequency

(RF) energy set by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the U.S. Government. These FCC exposure limits

are derived from the recommendations of two expert organizations, the National Counsel on Radiation Protection and

Measurement (NCRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). In both cases, the recommendations

were developed by scientific and engineering experts drawn from industry, government, and academia after extensive reviews

of the scientific literature related to the biological effects of RF energy.

The exposure limit for wireless mobile phones employs a unit of measurement known as the Specific Absorption Rate,

or SAR. The SAR is a measure of the rate of absorption of RF energy by the human body expressed in units of watts per

kilogram (W/kg). The FCC requires wireless phones to comply with a safety limit of 1.6 watts per kilogram (1.6 W/ kg). The

FCC exposure limit incorporates a substantial margin of safety to give additional protection to the public and to account for

any variations in measurements.