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common to professional and broadcast video equipment. As the quality of the RCA

or BNC cable that is used increases, the noise and attenuation decreases.

• S-Video The introduction of the S-Video format was a major advance in quality for

consumer and professional video editors. S-Video splits the luma and chroma

channels into two separate wire pairs, which eliminates generally half of the

composite noise artefacts. The two chroma channels are still combined and still

interfere with each other, leaving some noise in the signal.

• Component analogue With component analogue, also known as YUV (Y for

luminance, U for one chroma channel, and V for the other chroma channel) the

luminance signal and the two colour signals are all transmitted over their own

dedicated cables. Because all three components or channels of the video signal are

transmitted independently, the quality of the signal is quite high. Noise is very low

and the colours in the video are richer and more precise.

• Unbalanced audio This type of audio connection consists of a single wire that

carries the signal, surrounded by a grounded shield. It is used commonly in

consumer audio products because the connection and circuitry are less complex. The

downside is that unbalanced connections are more susceptible to interference, so

they are not often used in professional applications.

There are three basic kinds of unbalanced audio connectors. The most familiar to

consumers is traditional unbalanced audio that uses RCA or Cinch jacks (normally

red for right and white or black for left). To connect a stereo signal, you can use a

single RCA cable for each channel, or a stereo cable that has two single cables

moulded into one.

• Balanced audio This type of connection consists of two wires, which serve to

balance the signal, and a shield. A balanced connection is far less susceptible to

interference, so it is possible to maintain high quality with long cable runs. Balanced

audio normally uses the XLR, or three-pin, locking connector, which provides a

much tighter and robust connection than the connectors used for unbalanced audio.

Digital formats

DV formats the original video signal on tape using digital data similar to that used by

computers. Multiple digital formats are available in the video industry.

• DV25 (DV) This format is most commonly known by the physical connection

standard it uses, IEEE-1394 or FireWire, however it uses only a fraction of the data

rate and speed available in the IEEE-1394 connection standard.

• SDI(Serial Digital Interface) SDI is a high-end, professional format for digital

signals. The SDI format, technically known as CCIR-601 or 601, is superior in

quality to component analogue video and is the standard in professional and