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Tutorial—Laying Down the Basic Tracks

Laying Down the Basic Tracks

Although the basic tracks you'll use to assemble the "So Fine" mix have already

been recorded for you (of course you can add your own tracks, if you like), let's

take a moment to discuss the initial recording process.

The basic steps introduced here may not apply if you're recording something very

"avant-garde," but if you're laying down a song or instrumental piece with a fairly

standard arrangement, here are a few issues to keep in mind:

Since the rhythm parts deﬁne the tempo and "groove" of the music, it makes

sense that they should be recorded ﬁrst so that the musicians who will be over-

dubbing the subsequent parts — lead guitar, lead vocal, chorus, etc. — will have

something to lock onto. Of course this isn't necessary if the piece to be recorded

consists of just one person strumming a guitar and singing or, for that matter, if

you'll be recording an entire ensemble in one take. But if you'll be recording your

masterpiece track-by-track or at least section-by-section — whether it's because

like most of us you're recording with limited studio space and resources, or sim-

ply because you're a perfectionist who demands total creative control at all times

— start with the rhythm. The ﬁrst rhythm part to be recorded could simply be

drums and/or percussion alone, drums and bass, or drums plus bass and a rhythm

keyboard or guitar part.

Remember that the more instruments you record via microphones at the same

time, the more you need to think about separation (or "isolation" depending on

whom you talk to). Once again, there are no hard-and-fast rules: if you'll be

recording an entire rhythm section or ensemble with one stereo microphone pair,

for example, separation is a non-issue — but instrument layout and microphone

placement are critical! But assuming you want all instruments cleanly recorded

on separate tracks so you can do all your spatial arranging and processing later

on, you'll need to ensure that leakage between instruments and microphones is

minimized. How? Physical separation is the best way. Record different instru-

ments in different rooms, if possible (this corresponds to using "isolation booths"

in a recording studio), or use bafﬂes to reduce leakage when recording more than

one source in the same room. Directional microphones are a good idea, and

close-miking can be a big help. The only way to achieve total separation, though,

is to overdub acoustic sources one-at-a-time. Even then, you'll probably end up

with a little leakage from the vocalist's headphones, for example. Line sources,

naturally, do not present a problem.

A little leakage is not a big problem, though, so don't let it bog you down. Listen

carefully to the individual "So Fine" tracks and you'll hear what we mean.

— Tutorial