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broadcast television. Because it is digital and uncompressed, it can be edited and

copied many times with no detectable loss of quality.

• Digital audio There are many different digital audio formats. Consumer-grade

digital audio is carried on electronic (such as S/PDIF) or optical (such as square

TOSlink or round Miniplug) connection cables. Digital video carries an embedded

digital audio signal with the digital video signal.

Choosing the right capture codec

When you capture content, you must choose an appropriate codec. The choice

depends on the capture hardware you're using, the format from which you're

capturing, and your storage requirements. There are three basic types of codecs to

choose from: DV, Motion JPEG, and uncompressed.

1. DV codecs

The DV25 format is ideal when capturing from a DV25 deck. Over a FireWire

connector, you can use DV25 to copy the native bits from the tape onto a hard disk,

making a perfect copy. If you use a different format at a higher data rate, the resulting

video will be slightly lousy.

2. Motion JPEG codecs

Motion JPEG has been the leading format for high-end video-editing systems for

some time. Motion JPEG is 4:2:2, and most implementations allow you to specify a

data rate or quality level.

3. Uncompressed codecs

More and more cards support true 4:2:2 uncompressed video. The data rates are large,

and the quality is no better than a lossless compression. One significant advantage of

some uncompressed codecs is support for 10-bit-per-channel captures, which can

perform better for analogue and especially SDI sources.

Exporting video

Capturing from tape is required for many projects, but for some projects, all content is

created electronically. In other projects, a lot of creative work is done during editing

and compositing on the computer. In those cases, going back out to tape is an

unneeded distraction. Many tools, such as After Effects and Adobe Premiere Pro can

export to a compressed file from the timeline, a process that works well for a single

file. However, if features in other encoding tools are required, for example, volume

encoding to multiple output formats, it is useful to export an intermediate from the

timeline and use the exported file for further processing.

Exporting to file

A file you export for later processing is called an intermediate file. The goal of

creating an intermediate file is to provide high quality in the most useful format

without introducing any compression artefacts.