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Sony PICTURE STATION DPP-FP90 Opuscolo e specifiche

Taking your best shot

CAMERA CONTROL

photography. In Monitor AF, the

camera is always "pre-focusing"

and doesn't lock until you press

the shutter halfway. Thanks to pre-

focusing, the camera is faster to

take the shot, improving your chances

of getting exactly the shot you want.

And Monitor AF works together with

Multi-Point AF to intelligently capture

your subject.

• Continuous AF is ideal when the

subject may be moving towards or

away from you. It's especially useful

for unpredictable subjects such as

sports, pets and little kids at play.

Not only is the camera always

"pre-focusing," but the camera also

continues to track your subject right

up until the moment of exposure.

Flexible Spot AF

Single AF is ideal for subjects that stand still. (Sample photo for

illustration purposes.)

Enables you to move the focus spot

almost anywhere in the frame, useful

for tripod shooting.

Manual focus

Manual control when you need it.

Most Sony cameras also include manual

focus for five preset distances, enabling

you to take control. The DSC-H7, H9, and

the a100 Digital SLR go beyond this with

continuously variable manual focus.

Continuous AF is ideal for fast moving subjects, particularly ones

moving towards you. The focus keeps tracking until the moment

of exposure. (Note: Continuous AF uses center-point focusing only.)

(Sample photos for illustration purposes.)

power

1/2

press

shutter

released

power

1/2

press

shutter

released

power

1/2

press

Monitor AF pre-focuses the shot to speed your picture-taking

when you want to capture a "decisive moment." (Sample

shutter

released

photos for illustration purposes.)

CAMERA CONTROL

Exposure

Maximum aperture, the smallest f stop at

which the lens can be used is an important

attribute of lens quality. Lenses that are

capable of a very wide maximum aperture

An essential part of photography, exposure

(f1.4, for example) are called "bright"

because they admit plenty of light and "fast"

determines the amount of incoming light

because they enable the photographer to

that reaches the image sensor. Cameras

work at faster shutter speeds. These lenses

also tend to cost more.

control exposure by varying the lens opening

(aperture) and the amount of time given to

Shutter speed

taking the picture (shutter speed). One of

Cameras use a shutter to control the duration

the creative joys of photography is that

of exposure. This duration is called the shutter

speed, and is typically a fraction of a second.

there's no single combination of aperture

Shutter speed ranges are typically designed

and shutter speed that's uniquely correct.

to double or halve the speed with each step.

That's why shutter speeds typically form a

series such as 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30,

Aperture

1/60, 1/120 and so on.

The word "aperture" refers to both a physical

As with aperture, the choice of shutter speed

part of the camera, a circular window inside

affects more than the simple amount of

the lens that opens and closes, as well as

incoming light. Fast shutter speeds tend

the number that describes the size of the

to freeze motion. Slow shutter speeds

opening. The number is also called an "f

tend to exaggerate motion, in the form of blur.

number." This represents the focal length

of the lens divided by the diameter of the

Exposure Value

aperture opening. For example, in a 50mm

lens, a 12.5mm opening would have a

number of f4. A 25mm opening would be

The basic unit of exposure is the Exposure

f2. The smaller the f number, the wider the

Value (EV). An increase of +1 EV represents

aperture opening.

a doubling of the incoming light, either by

doubling the time the shutter stays open or

Aperture openings are typically designed to

opening up the aperture by one f stop.

increase in discrete steps, called "f stops."

As you open the aperture, each additional

Aperture + shutter = creativity

f stop doubles the amount of incoming light.

Thanks to the geometry of the lens, each f

stop has an f number that's the square root

Each f stop doubles or halves the amount of

of 2 times the previous f number. That's why

light. Each step of shutter speed adjustment

f stops form the characteristic series of f1.4,

does the same. In this way, you can choose

f2.0, f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16 and so on.

from several aperture/shutter combinations

that result in the same total value of incoming

The choice of f stop affects more than simply

light. The result is more than just proper

the amount of incoming light. Wide apertures

technical exposure. It's creative freedom.

(low f numbers) result in limited depth of

For example, in portraits, a combination

focus. So the background tends to blur.

of open aperture and fast shutter speed

Narrow apertures (high f numbers) tend

will tend to blur the background, throwing

to keep the entire scene in focus.

more attention on your subject. In sports

photography, the same exposure value

might combine a stopped-down aperture

and a slow shutter speed to create a beautiful

motion blur.

ISO sensitivity

In film, a third method of managing exposure

is the choice of film "speed" or ISO sensitivity.

"Fast" film with a high ISO number is better

suited for shooting in low light, at some cost

in picture grain. In a similar way, digital

cameras offer ISO sensitivity settings. These

use electronic gain to increase the image

brightness at some cost in picture "noise."

Typically each doubling of ISO sensitivity

rating equals +1 EV. This enables advanced

photographers to optimize the image by

adjusting shutter, aperture and ISO all

at once!

Auto Exposure (AE)

Of course, Auto Exposure (AE) systems can

make all the exposure decisions for you.

Sophisticated light metering and processing

can measure the light levels from your subject

and choose appropriate exposure settings.

• Backlight and highlight. One obvious

difficulty in auto exposure is the case

where your subject is significantly

Continued on page 38.

Smaller

Larger

Iris

Same Exposure Value

Longer

Shorter

Shutter

The camera's iris controls the size of the lens opening

or "aperture." A larger aperture (lower "f number") means

more light can reach the CCD. For a given Exposure

Value, a wider aperture means a faster shutter speed

(shorter exposure time).